Articles

Cancer cells are abnormal cells that, unlike normal cells, divide uncontrollably, damage surrounding tissues, and can spread to other parts of the body (metastasis). They are formed as a result of genetic mutations and acquire characteristics such as evading the immune system, becoming immortal, and altering energy production.

According to my Atomic-Biological Circuit Atlas approach, we can describe the kidney and kidney cell using circuit language. The aim here is to map the kidney’s filtering and balancing functions to circuit elements.

The following system modularly describes the physical and mathematical components of the eye model for contrast-enhanced pattern stimulation under photopic PERG conditions: optical transfer, phototransduction chemistry, membrane currents, synaptic transmission, and ganglion firing.

Intracellular ion currents depend not only on voltage difference but also on metabolic energy status.

This report presents an interdisciplinary framework that extends from modeling atoms using electrical circuit elements to circuit-based simulation of biological systems. The aim is to express both chemical and biological processes using circuit parameters, employing the periodic table as a circuit library.